oxidative stress

it’s impact of well-being

Free radicals are atoms or molecules with unpaired electrons. Their formation occurs during normal metabolic processes, such as mitochondrial respiration and enzymatic reactions. External factors, including UV radiation, pollution, and toxins, further contribute to their generation. These unpaired electrons make free radicals highly reactive, seeking stability by snatching electrons from nearby molecules. This dance of electron exchange lies at the heart of cellular dynamics and underscore the importance of ensuring that you get enough antioxidants through a healthy diet and by limiting processed foods.

Reactive Oxygen Species

The common types of free radicals, also known as reactive oxygen species (ROS), encompass a variety of molecules such as hydroxyl radical (HO•), superoxide anion (O2•−), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and nitric oxide (NO•). These unstable molecules are highly reactive due to the presence of unpaired valence electrons, making them integral in various biological and chemical processes.

The Yin and Yang of Free Radicals

Beneficial Roles

Free radicals can serve essential functions:

1. Cell Signaling: Reactive oxygen species (ROS), a subset of free radicals, act as cellular messengers. They regulate processes like cell growth, immune responses, and apoptosis.

2. Defense Mechanisms: Immune cells produce ROS to combat pathogens. TThese radicals assist in neutralizing invading microbes by creating holes in the cell membranes of pathogens such as harmful bacteria.

The Dark Side: Oxidative Stress

When free radicals overwhelm the body’s antioxidant defenses, oxidative stress ensues. This imbalance damages lipids, proteins, and DNA. Chronic oxidative stress contributes to aging, neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer’s), cardiovascular disorders, and even cancer. The delicate equilibrium between beneficial and detrimental roles underscores their significance.